After a decade-long gap, Congress leader Rahul Gandhi has officially been recognised as the Leader of Opposition (LoP) in the 18th Lok Sabha. This significant development marks a return of institutionalised opposition in India’s lower house of Parliament.
Key Highlights
- Rahul Gandhi is the first Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha since 2014, as no party met the required strength in the last two Lok Sabhas.
- He has asserted that he will represent not just the Congress, but all Opposition parties in the House.
- Previous stalwarts who held the Leader of Opposition post include Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Sonia Gandhi, L.K. Advani, and Sharad Pawar.
Understanding the Leader of Opposition: History & Statutory Recognition
What is the Leader of Opposition?
The Leader of Opposition is the head of the largest party in the Lok Sabha that is not part of the government. This position, although practiced earlier, was officially recognised only in 1969 with Ram Subhag Singh becoming the first recognised LoP in the Lok Sabha.
Statutory Status of LoP
- The post gained legal backing through the Salary and Allowances of Leaders of Opposition in Parliament Act, 1977.
- According to the Act, the Leader of the Opposition is the leader of the largest opposition party in the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha, recognised by the Speaker or Chairman, respectively.
Eligibility: Who Can Become the Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha?
- A party must secure at least 10% of the total seats in the Lok Sabha (i.e., 55 out of 543 seats) to claim the Leader of Opposition post.
- This requirement is a matter of established parliamentary practice, although not explicitly mentioned in the 1977 Act.
- The role is overseen by the Department of Personnel and Training under the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.
Why Was There No Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha for 10 Years?
- In 2014, Congress won only 44 seats.
- In 2019, it won 52 seats—3 short of the required 55.
- In 2024, Congress emerged as the largest party in the INDIA bloc, crossing the threshold and securing Rahul Gandhi’s appointment as Leader of Opposition.
Functions and Responsibilities of the Leader of Opposition
- Acts as a shadow Prime Minister, maintaining a counter-narrative to the ruling government.
- Prepares a shadow cabinet and is expected to be ready to take charge in case the government loses majority.
- Plays a vital role in parliamentary proceedings, including debates, question hour, and discussions on legislation.
- Facilitates constructive criticism and ensures the government is held accountable.
- Can demand the Prime Minister’s presence during debates on crucial issues.
Privileges and Benefits of the Leader of Opposition
- Travel Allowance: Equivalent to a Union Cabinet Minister for official and personal travel.
- Tax Benefits: Exempted from paying income tax on certain perks.
- Medical Facilities: Free treatment at government hospitals for self and family.
- Housing: Allotted official residence in New Delhi.
- Parliamentary Office: Given office space and staff in the Parliament complex.
- Protocol & Precedence: Ranks 7th in the Warrant of Precedence, along with Cabinet Ministers and senior officials.
- Ceremonial Roles: Escorts the Speaker-elect to the Chair and occupies a front-row seat in both Houses during the President’s address.
Leader of Opposition’s Role in Key Committees
The Leader of Opposition is a statutory member of high-powered selection panels for:
- Director, Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
- Central Vigilance Commissioner
- Chief Information Commissioner
- Lokpal Chairperson and Members
- Chairperson and Members of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)
Why Having a Leader of Opposition Matters for Democracy
- Ensures a balanced, accountable, and transparent democracy.
- Strengthens debate quality on Bills, policies, motions, and public issues.
- As the Prime Minister-in-waiting, the LoP plays a crucial role in critiquing government decisions with responsibility.
- Helps inform and educate the public about government actions.
- According to Westminster traditions, the Prime Minister informs the Leader of Opposition about major national policy shifts.
- Has the privilege of speaking without prior notice on important matters in the House.
Conclusion: A Strong Step Towards Restoring Democratic Balance
Rahul Gandhi’s appointment as the Leader of Opposition in the 18th Lok Sabha not only restores a crucial democratic institution but also signifies the return of strong legislative scrutiny. As the voice of the Opposition, he is expected to ensure vibrant debates, responsible dissent, and uphold the spirit of India’s parliamentary democracy.
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