Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM JANMAN) Scheme Approved by Union Cabinet

The Union Cabinet has approved the Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM JANMAN)

Key Points

• The scheme has been cleared with a total outlay of  24,104 crore rupees. 
• The Prime Minister had announced the scheme on tribal icon Birsa Munda’s birth anniversary on November 15, which is marked as Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas
• The Centre’s share is Rs 15,336 crore and states will contribute Rs 8,768 crore.
• Nine ministries will be involved in carrying out the interventions.

The PM JANMAN Scheme

• The scheme aims to provide a number of facilities to Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
• It is set to revolutionize the lives of over 40 lakh individuals across 75 tribal communities in 18 states and the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• In India, a PVTG is a sub-classification of a Scheduled Tribe that is considered more vulnerable than a regular Scheduled Tribe.
• PVTGs were previously known as Primitive Tribal Groups.
• The population of PVTGs in Odisha ranks highest based on data from the Ministry of Tribal Affairs and the 2011 Census.
• The Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN) is one of the largest Central schemes and the largest targeting the tribal community in terms of outlay.

Key Facilities and Target Beneficiaries under PM Janman

Features of the PM Janman Scheme

• The government will make Rs 15,000 crore available under the Development Action Plan for Scheduled Tribes to implement the mission over the next three years
• It also entails the Ministry of Ayush setting up wellness centres in these areas as per existing norms, and the extension of Ayush facilities to PVTG habitations through mobile medical units.
• The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship will also enable skill and vocational training in PVTG habitations

National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST)

• The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) was established by amending Article 338 and inserting a new Article 338A in the Constitution through the Constitution (89th Amendment) Act, 2003.
• By this amendment, the erstwhile National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was replaced by two separate Commissions namely- (i) the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC), and (ii) the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) w.e.f. 19 February, 2004.
• The term of office of Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson and each member is three years from the date of assumption of charge. The Chairperson has been given the rank of Union Cabinet Minister, and the Vice-Chairperson that of a Minister of State and other Members have the ranks of a Secretary to the Government of India
• The first National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) was constituted in March, 2004

NCST Composition and Functions

• It consists of a Chairperson, a Vice-Chairperson and 3 other Members who are appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal.
• At least one member should be a woman.
• The Chairperson, the Vice-Chairperson and the other Members hold office for a term of 3 years.
• The Chairperson has been given the rank of Union Cabinet Minister, the Vice Chairperson has the rank of a Minister of State and other Members have the rank of Secretary to the Government of India.
• The members are not eligible for appointments for more than two terms.

NCST Functions

• To investigate & Monitor matters relating to Safeguards provided for STs under the Constitution or under other laws or under Govt. Order, to evaluate the working of such Safeguards.
• To inquire into specific complaints relating to Rights & Safeguards of STs;
• To participate and Advise in the Planning Process relating to Socio-economic development of STs, and to Evaluate the progress of their development under the Union and any State;
• To submit report to the President annually and  at such other times as the Commission may  deem  fit, upon/ working of Safeguards, Measures required for effective implementation of Programmers/ Schemes relating to Welfare and Socio-economic development of STs;
• To discharge such other functions in relation to STs as the President may, subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament, by rule specify;

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